SQL formatter.

Worked example

This 20-line result is what the page produces for one PostgreSQL query typed on a single line (Load example fills it in). With UPPER keywords, 2-space indent and leading commas:

SELECT
  u.id
, u.email
, count(o.id) AS orders
, sum(o.total) AS spend
FROM
  users u
  LEFT JOIN orders o ON o.user_id = u.id
WHERE
  u.created_at >= '2026-01-01'
  AND u.status IN ('active', 'trial')
GROUP BY
  u.id
, u.email
HAVING
  count(o.id) > 0
ORDER BY
  spend DESC
LIMIT
  20;

Minify turns the formatted version into one line: 291 bytes become 260, a 10.7% saving. SQL has little whitespace to remove, so the saving is modest. The main use of minifying is putting a query on one line in a config file, log line or string literal.

How it works

Format uses the open-source sql-formatter library, version 15.9.0, MIT licence, served from this site rather than a third-party CDN. It parses the query with a dialect-specific grammar, so PostgreSQL, MySQL and SQLite syntax (for example :: casts, backtick identifiers, ILIKE) is recognised. Choose Standard SQL if your dialect is not listed. If the library cannot parse the text it reports an error instead of guessing.

Comma position. The library always puts commas at the end of a line. For Leading, this page moves each line-ending comma to the start of the next line, using a scanner that skips string literals, quoted identifiers and comments so commas inside them are never moved. A comma that is followed by a comment line is left in place.

Minify is this page's own scanner. It removes comments, collapses runs of whitespace to one space, and removes the space around commas, semicolons and just inside parentheses. It never changes anything inside a quoted string or identifier. It keeps PostgreSQL dollar-quoted strings ($$...$$) and MySQL executable and hint comments (/*! ... */, /*+ ... */) because removing those changes what the query means. It also treats -- as a comment in MySQL only when followed by whitespace, and # as a comment only in MySQL, as that dialect defines.

Sources and as-of date (checked 2026-09-30): sql-formatter on GitHub (library and supported dialects); PostgreSQL: Lexical Structure (comments, nested block comments, dollar quoting); MySQL 8.4: Comments (#, -- and executable comments); SQLite: SQL Comment Syntax.